Filariasis mamaria: a propósito de un caso / Breast filariasis: case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: La filariasis con afectación mamaria es una enfermedad endémica de áreas tropicales y subtropicales de África, Asia, el Pacífico y América, que afecta a unos 120 millones de personas. Aunque es una patología rara en España, dado el aumento de pacientes procedentes de dichos países, debemos conocerla para saber diagnosticarla y tratarla adecuadamente. OBJETIVO DE REPORTAR EL CASO: Dar a conocer la filariasis con afectación mamaria, sus manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas principales, a través de un caso clínico de nuestras consultas de ginecología. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: Paciente de 43 años, procedente de Guinea Ecuatorial que acude a la consulta de Ginecología por mastalgia bilateral y aumento del volumen de las mamas de semanas de evolución. La exploración es anodina por lo que se solicita mamografía bilateral en la que describen calcificaciones compatibles con filariasis. A pesar de que el resto de pruebas fueron negativas, dada la alta sospecha clínica y radiológica se diagnosticó de filariasis mamaria. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de la actual campaña mundial para eliminar la filariasis, el aumento de migración global incrementa la probabilidad de padecer casos importados de filariasis mamaria. Por tanto, el conocimiento de las diferentes parasitosis es imprescindible para realizar un buen diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades clínicamente similares, e instaurar el tratamiento más adecuado.

INTRODUCTION: Breast filariasis is an endemic disease from tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, the Pacific and America affecting about 120 million people. Although it is a rare pathology in Spain, given the increase in patients from the referred countries, we must be aware of it in order to know how to diagnose and treat it properly. OBJECTIVE OF REPORTING THE CASE: To raise awareness of filariasis with breast involvement and its main clinical and radiological manifestations, through a clinical case of our gynecology consultations. CASE REPORT: 43-year-old patient from Equatorial Guinea who comes to the Gynecology consultation for bilateral mastalgia and breast enlargement of weeks of evolution. The examination is anodyne, so bilateral mammography is requested in wich calcifications compatible with filariasis are described. Despite the rest of the tests are negative, given the high clinical and radiological suspicion, the diagnosis of breast filariasis is made. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the current worldwide campaign to eliminate filariasis, the increase in global migration enhances the probability of suffering from imported cases of breast filariasis Therefore, the knowledge of the different parasitoses is essential to make a correct differential diagnosis with other clinically similar entities, and to establish the most appropriate treatment.

Gestational gigantomastia with fatal outcome

Gigantomastia is a rare disease defined by an extreme and rapid enlargement of the breast, generally bilateral. The majority of cases are reported in pregnant women. Ninety-eight cases of gestational gigantomastia have been identified in electronic databases, and those with fatal outcomes comprised only 2 cases (2%). Despite its benign nature, it can lead to severe complications and even death. Its etiology has not been fully elucidated, but it has been speculated that a hormonal component may play a role in the pathogenesis. Currently, treatment options are limited, and surgery is gaining importance, but it is often not feasible in low-resource settings. Herein, we describe a case of a 30-year-old HIV-positive female with no relevant past medical history, who died due to the complications of gestational gigantomastia at the Maputo Central Hospital, in Mozambique.

Correlation of nipple eczema in pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in Northern India: a study of 100 cases

Abstract Background Nipple eczema is a less common presentation of atopic dermatitis. No studies in the literature have correlated nipple eczema in pregnancy as a manifestation of atopic dermatitis. Objective To evaluate whether nipple eczema presenting in pregnancy is a manifestation of atopic dermatitis. Methods This was a prospective observational study including 100 women who presented with nipple eczema for the first time during pregnancy. The exclusion criteria were any patient with previous history of nipple eczema, those already on oral or topical treatment for atopic dermatitis or nipple eczema, and other disorders mimicking eczema. Patients were divided into two groups ‒ nipple eczema with atopic dermatitis and without atopic dermatitis. Demographic data, clinical features, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, absolute eosinophil counts, and serum IgE levels were compared between the two groups to detect association between nipple eczema in pregnancy and atopic dermatitis. Results Out of 100 patients, 39 were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, whereas 61 were ruled out to have any features suggestive of atopic dermatitis. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, mean duration of symptoms, and serum IgE levels. In patients with atopic dermatitis, bilateral symptoms were noted more commonly than in patients without the disease, but this was statistically insignificant. Study limitations Lack of long term follow-up and no large studies in literature to compare results. Conclusion Nipple eczema in pregnancy follows a similar pattern as in other age groups. The clinical profile of patients is similar in cases with and without atopic dermatitis.

Útilidad de la ecografía intraoperatoria en la exéresis de las lesiones no palpables de la mama: experiencia y revisión de conjunto / Usefulness of intraoperative ultrasound in excision of non-lesions palpable of the breast: experience and overview

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Presentar la experiencia de la unidad de mama de nuestro hospital con la utilización de la ecografía intraoperatoria en el tratamiento de las lesiones no palpables de mama. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se incluyeron aquellas pacientes con lesiones no palpables de mama y ecovisibles. Intraoperatoriamente se localizó la lesión con la ecografía y se procedió a su exéresis, con comprobación ecográfica de su correcta extirpación con márgenes de seguridad. Se realizó estudio macroscópico en fresco de los márgenes marcados con tinta intraoperatoriamente. En caso de que los márgenes no fueran correctos se procedía a una ampliación de márgenes en el mismo acto quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Desde el año 2012 se han intervenido 52 pacientes. En todas las pacientes se localizó la lesión con la ecografía. Se realizó tumorectomía a 24 pacientes y a 28 pacientes se les asoció la biopsia del ganglio centinela. El resultado patológico definitivo fue de 19 lesiones benignas y 33 lesiones malignas. A una paciente se le realizó mastectomía simple por presentar un carcinoma in situ extenso con microinfiltración no diagnosticado con las pruebas radiológicas preoperatorias. El resto de pacientes presentaron márgenes libres de tumor. CONCLUSIONES: La ecografía intraoperatoria es una técnica simple y fácil de desarrollar. Presenta una baja tasa de afectación de márgenes y es enteramente cirujano-controlada. Es confortable para el paciente y conlleva un bajo riesgo de complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica.

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE: To present the results of our hospital's experience with the utilization of intraoperative ultrasound in the treatment of non-palpable breast lesions. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included those patients whose breast lesions were non-palpable yet simultaneously visible on ultrasound. The lesions were located intraoperatively with ultrasound and were removed with ultrasound verification of the proper security margins. An examination of the intraoperative macroscopic margins with ink was done. In cases with incorrect margins, a re-excision was done utilizing the same technique but with amplified margins. RESULTS: Dating from 2012, we have operated on 52 patients. In all cases, the lesions were discovered and localized by means of ultrasound. Lumpectomy was performed on 24 patients and we associated the sentinel node biopsy in 28 cases. Subsequent pathology reports determined that 19 lesions were benign and 33 lesions were malignant. There was one patient with a mastectomy because a long extensive ductal carcinoma in situ with microinfiltration that was not seeing during the preoperative study. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ultrasound is an easy and simple technique that is entirely surgeon controlled and results in a low rate of positive margins. The procedure is comfortable for the patient and carries with it a low rate of complications.

Ectasia ductal mamaria, una entidad poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica: A propósito de un caso / Duct ectasia, an infrequent condition in childhood: A case report

La secreción sanguínea a través del pezón (telorragia) es un síntoma muy poco frecuente y que genera gran alarma en pediatría por su relación con el carcinoma en la edad adulta. La entidad más frecuente asociada en edades tempranas, de naturaleza benigna y autolimitada, es la ectasia ductal mamaria. Se caracteriza por la dilatación del conducto mamario, fibrosis e inflamación periductal. La etiología es desconocida y multifactorial. Son pocos casos los descritos en la literatura científica. Se presenta a un lactante de 5 meses con telerragia por ectasia ductal mamaria, cuya resolución fue espontánea a las 4 semanas. Nuestro objetivo es facilitar el rápido reconocimiento por parte de los médicos, dar a conocer esta patología tan poco frecuente y, así, evitar estudios y tratamientos agresivos e invasivos innecesarios.

Bloody discharge from the nipple (thelorrhagia) is a rare symptom in childhood and is a cause of great concern due to the association with carcinoma in adults. The most common cause in children is mammary duct ectasia, which is a benign and self-limiting condition. It is characterized by dilatation of the mammary ducts, fibrosis and periductal inflammation. The etiology has not been identified and is multifactorial. Up to date, only isolated case reports have been published. Therefore, we present a review of the literature and we report a case of a fivemonth- old male infant that resolves spontaneously. We aimed to improve physicians’ diagnosis accuracy, the knowledge of this condition and to avoid aggressive studies and treatments.

Uso do pedículo inferior não areolado na amputação mamária: aprimorando resultados / Use of the back-folded dermaglandular inferior pedicle in mammary amputation: improving results

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com gigantomastia apresentam múltiplos sintomas físicos e psicossociais. Várias técnicas foram propostas para o seu tratamento. A amputação mamária, descrita por Torek em 1922, apresenta com excelente alternativa, porém com prejuízo na funcionalidade mamilar e no formato da mama. Liacyr Ribeiro, em 1975, descreveu o retalho inferior dermoglandular não areolado a fim de proporcionar tecido de segurança para ressecção mamária, facilitar a montagem da mama e melhorar sua projeção. Este trabalho propôs unir estas duas consagradas técnicas, visando aprimorar os resultados das amputações mamárias. MÉTODOS: Foram operadas 11 pacientes com gigantomastia com prole definida, pela técnica de amputação mamária associada ao pedículo inferior não areolado. RESULTADOS: Distância média da fúrcula esternal ao mamilo foi de 35,6 centímetros na mama direita e 35 centímetros na mama esquerda, variando de 30 a 44 centímetros. A ascensão do complexo areolomamilar foi em média de 16,9 centímetros na mama direita e 16,4 centímetros na mama esquerda, variando de 12 a 25 centímetros. A quantidade de ressecção média de tecido mamário por paciente foi de 3559,5 gramas, variando de 1600 a 5890 gramas. A hipopigmentação do complexo areolamamilar esteve presente em três (27%) pacientes. A deiscência do T foi observada em dois (18%) pacientes. A não integração parcial do enxerto ocorreu em três (27%) das pacientes, com perdas estimadas de 10%, 30% e 80% do enxerto. CONCLUSÃO: A associação da amputação mamária com o pedículo dermoglandular inferior não areolado nos oferece um melhor remodelamento da mama, segurança na montagem desta, além de proporcionar uma adequada projeção da mesma.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with gigantomastia have multiple physical and psychosocial symptoms. Various techniques have been proposed for their treatment. Described by Torek in 1922, mammary amputation was presented as a great alternative, but resulted in reduced mammillary functionality and loss of breast format. In 1975, Liacyr Ribeiro described the use of dermaglandular inferior pedicle as safety tissue to allow for mammary resection, to facilitate breast assembly and to improve projection. The author proposed to unite these two consolidated techniques with the intention of improving breast amputation outcomes. METHODS: Eleven gigantomastia patients were operated on by means of the amputation technique using dermaglandular inferior pedicle. RESULTS: The mean distance between the sternal notch and the nipple was 35.6 cm for the right breast and 35 cm for the left breast, with all measures ranging between 30 cm and 44 cm. Rise of the nipple-areola complex was in average 16.9 cm for the right breast and 16.4 cm for the left breast, varying from 12 to 25 cm. The amount of breast tissue resection per patient was, in average, 3559.5 grams, ranging from 1600 grams to 5890 grams. Hypopigmentation of the nipple-areola complex was present in three patients (27%). Dehiscence of the T was observed in two patients (18%). Partial non-integration of the graft occurred in three patients (27%), with loses estimated at 10%, 30% and 80% of the graft. CONCLUSION: Associating mammary amputation with an inferior dermaglandular pedicle provides good remodeling and safe assembling of the breast, in addition to providing proper projection.

Calcificaciones mamarias: descripción y clasificación según la 5ª edición BI-RADS / Breast calcifications: description and classification according to BI-RADS 5th edition

Abstract. Breast calcifications are frequent findings in mammography. Most of them have a benign origin, such as in the case of the response to inflammatory disease of the ducts or coarse calcifications in benign nodules. Many of these calcifications show a characteristic benign appearance, and they do not need to be magnified or monitored. However, other calcifications can show a grouped pattern, have a suspicious appearance, and transform into an in situ ductal carcinoma or a high risk breast lesion. It is important to know the morphological and distribution patterns of these calcifications in order to make right decisions for each case. In the 5th edition of the BI-RADS atlas, 2013, categories and levels of suspicion for some patterns were modified. The objective of this article is to update descriptors and categories of BI-RADS micro-calcifications, pointing out their most important features and malignancy risk linked to each descriptor.

Resumen. Las calcificaciones mamarias son un hallazgo frecuente en mamografía. La mayoría de ellas tienen un origen benigno, como puede ser la respuesta a patología inflamatoria de los conductos o calcificaciones gruesas en nódulos benignos. Muchas de estas calcificaciones presentan un aspecto benigno característico y no requieren ser magnificadas o controladas. Otras calcificaciones sin embargo pueden presentarse agrupadas, tener un aspecto sospechoso y originarse en un carcinoma ductal in situ o una lesión de alto riesgo. Es relevante conocer los patrones morfológicos y de distribución de estas calcificaciones a fin de tomar la conducta adecuada para cada caso. En la 5.ª edición del atlas BI-RADS, 2013, las categorías y grados de sospecha de algunos patrones fueron modificados. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una actualización de los descriptores y las categorías BI-RADS de las microcalcificaciones, señalando sus características más importantes y el riesgo de malignidad asociado a cada descriptor.

Galactocele medicamentosa pós-mamoplastia de aumento: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Galactocele due to drugs prescribed after augmentation mammoplasty: a case report and literature review

A mamoplastia de aumento é um procedimento cirúrgico muito comum e seguro na cirurgia plástica, mas o mesmo não está isento de complicações. A galactocele após mamoplastia de aumento é raramente descrita na literatura. Este relato de caso refere-se a uma paciente de 34 anos de idade, que fazia uso de sulpirida há 2 anos e 4 meses e desenvolveu galactocele cerca de 100 dias após mamoplastia de aumento. O diagnóstico deve ser suspeitado quando se observar uma mama aumentada de volume, associada a calor local, dor ou desconforto mamário no pós-operatório. Acredita-se que a melhor conduta seja a drenagem cirúrgica, a fim de confirmar o diagnóstico de galactocele e excluir a presença de abscesso mamário.

Augmentation mammaplasty is a common and safe plastic surgery procedure, but it is not free from complications. Galactocele after augmentation mammaplasty is rarely described in the literature. We discuss the case of a 34-year-old woman who had been taking sulpiride for 2 years and 4 months and developed galactocele approximately 100 days after augmentation mammaplasty. However, diagnosis should be suspected if breast size increases and it is associated with postoperative local heat, pain or breast discomfort. We believe that the surgeon must surgically drain galactocele to confirm diagnosis, especially to exclude the presence of breast abscess.

Quality assurance and patient safety protocols for breast and gynecologic pathology in an Academic Women's Hospital

Background: Quality assurance and peer-review practices in surgical pathology have been well described in the literature, but the majority of these reports apply to the realm of general surgical pathology. We focused on the peer-review reporting system of a specialty women's health pathology practice consisting exclusively of breast and gynecologic pathology, with the specific aims of identifying diagnostic discrepancies that affected patient care. Methods: The quality measures in this specialty practice are monitored, and the Medical Director reviews all amended/corrected reports. Error types are qualitative, and are categorized according to impact on patient care. QA data of all amended reports from 2012 to 2014 in breast and gynecologic pathology, as a measure of error type and frequency, were reviewed. Results: Of all specimens during this time period, 343 (0.54% of all reports) required amendment due to a QA metric-discovered discrepancy. Breast specimens demonstrated a higher amendment rate than GYN specimens (1.14% of breast specimens versus 0.27% of GYN specimens). The most common error type requiring an amendment for both breast and GYN specimens was a type A, or Minor Disagreement (reports amended for type A discrepancy: 78.7% of total; 81.9% of breast; 72.6% of GYN). Type B, or Moderate Disagreement discrepancies, accounted for 21.3% of all amended cases (reports amended for type B discrepancy: 18.1% of breast; 27.3% of GYN). Of all breast and GYN reports reviewed during the QA evaluation, there were no cases categorized as type C, or Major Disagreements, which would significantly alter patient reatment. Conclusion: When surgical pathology is practiced in a laboratory utilizing comprehensive quality assurance protocols, major diagnostic interpretation errors are infrequent. The practice minimizes error, maximizes patient safety, and maximizes educational opportunities of practicing pathologists in real-time (AU)

The importance of breast elastography added to the BI-RADS® (5th edition) lexicon classification / A importância da elastografia mamária adicionada à classificação, segundo o léxico BI-RADS® (5ª edição)

SummaryObjective:the aim of this study was to investigate the addition of elastography to the BI-RADS® lexicon for the classification of breast lesions.Methods:a total of 955 consecutive patients who were subjected to breast percutaneous biopsy from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively assessed. Overall, 26 patients who did not present with masses on conventional ultrasound were excluded. The patients were classified according to the fifth edition of the breast imaging and reporting data system (BI-RADS®) lexicon, which includes elastographic findings. The BI-RADS®classification is based on the same classification principles that have been suggested by the author, which classify lesions as soft, intermediate, or hard.Results:the addition of elastographic findings to the BI-RADS® lexicon improved the sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), and diagnostic accuracy (DA) of ultrasound in the assessment of breast lesions, which increased from 93.85, 72.07, and 76.64 to 95.90, 80.65, and 91.39%, respectively.Conclusion:these findings suggest that the addition of elastography to the BIRADS ® lexicon will improve the SP and DA of ultrasound in the screening of breast lesions.

ResumoObjetivo:investigar o impacto da adição da descoberta da elastografia das lesões mamárias à classificação segundo o léxico BI-RADS®.Métodos:estudo retrospectivo com 955 pacientes consecutivas, submetidas à biópsia mamária percutânea no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012. Foram excluídas 26 pacientes que apresentaram lesão não nodular ao ultrassom convencional. As lesões foram classificadas conforme proposta da 5ª edição do léxico BI-RADS®, que inclui os achados de elastografia. A classificação BI- -RADS® é baseada nos mesmos critérios propostos pelo autor, que classifica as lesões como macias, intermediárias e rígidas.Resultados:a adição dos achados da elastografia ao léxico BI-RADS® melhorou a sensibilidade (S), a especificidade (E) e a acurácia diagnóstica (AD) do ultrassom na avaliação das lesões mamárias, de 93.85, 72.07 e 76.64% para 95.90, 80.65 e 91.39%, respectivamente.Conclusão:os achados sugerem que a adição dos achados da elastografia ao léxico BI-RADS® pode melhorar a S, a E e a AD do ultrassom no rastreamento de lesões mamárias.

Are Irregular Hypoechoic Breast Masses on Ultrasound Always Malignancies?: A Pictorial Essay

Irregular hypoechoic masses in the breast do not always indicate malignancies. Many benign breast diseases present with irregular hypoechoic masses that can mimic carcinoma on ultrasonography. Some of these diseases such as inflammation and trauma-related breast lesions could be suspected from a patient's symptoms and personal history. Careful ultrasonographic examination and biopsy could help to differentiate these from malignancies.

Breast hamartoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 27 cases and a literature review

OBJECTIVES: Breast hamartoma is an uncommon breast tumor that accounts for approximately 4.8% of all benign breast masses. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood and breast hamartoma is not a well-known disorder, so its diagnosis is underestimated by clinicians and pathologists. This study was designed to present our experience with breast hamartoma, along with a literature review. METHOD: We reviewed the demographic data, pathologic analyses and imaging and results of patients diagnosed with breast hamartoma between December 2003 and September 2013. RESULTS: In total, 27 cases of breast hamartoma operated in the Ankara University Medicine Faculty's Department of General Surgery were included in the study. All patients were female and the mean age was 41.8±10.8 years. The mean tumor size was 3.9±2.7 cm. Breast ultrasound was performed on all patients before surgery. The most common additional lesion was epithelial hyperplasia (22.2%). Furthermore, lobular carcinoma in situ was identified in one case and invasive ductal carcinoma was observed in another case. Immunohistochemical staining revealed myoid hamartoma in one case (3.7%). CONCLUSION: Breast hamartomas are rare benign lesions that may be underdiagnosed because of the categorization of hamartomas as fibroadenomas by pathologists. Pathologic examinations can show variability from one case to another. Thus, the true incidence may be higher than the literature indicates. .

Family polythelia associated with dental anomalies: a case report / Politelia familiar asociada con anomalías dentarias: un caso clínico

Abstract Polythelia is defined as the presence of supernumerary nipples without the presence of additional mammary gland, within the milk line extending from the axilla to the pubic region. Though the presence of dental anomalies can create a simple esthetic problem with specific clinical considerations, the association with familial polythelia has rarely been reported. A report of association of dental anomalies and polythelia in an Argentine family is presented and the considerations about the dental practice suggesting a careful anamnesis and referral to a medical consultation with regard to possible pathologic conditions or potentially malignant transformation of accessory breasts are discussed.

Resumen La politelia ha sido definida como la presencia de pezones supernumerarios sin tejido accesorio glandular; generalmente, éstos siguen las líneas mamarias que discurren imaginariamente desde las axilas hasta la región inguinal. Si bien la presencia de anomalías dentarias puede originar un simple problema estético con específicas consideraciones clínicas, la asociación con politeliafamiliar ha sido escasamente informada. Se presenta un caso de politelia asociada con anomalías dentarias en una familia argentina, y se discuten sugerencias para una cuidadosa anamnesis odontológica y derivación a la consulta médica para prevenir eventuales condiciones patológicas o una potencial transformación maligna de los tejidos mamarios.

Retrieval Rate and Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided 14-G Semi-Automated Core Needle Biopsy of Breast Microcalcifications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the retrieval rate and accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided 14-G semi-automated core needle biopsy (CNB) for microcalcifications in the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US-guided 14-G semi-automated CNB procedures and specimen radiography were performed for 33 cases of suspicious microcalcifications apparent on sonography. The accuracy of 14-G semi-automated CNB and radiology-pathology concordance were analyzed and the microcalcification characteristics between groups with successful and failed retrieval were compared. RESULTS: Thirty lesions were successfully retrieved and the microcalcification retrieval rate was 90.9% (30/33). Thirty lesions were successfully retrieved. Twenty five were finally diagnosed as malignant (10 invasive ductal carcinoma, 15 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) and five as benign. After surgery and mammographic follow-up, the 25 malignant lesions comprised 12 invasive ductal carcinoma and 13 DCIS. Three lesions in the failed retrieval group (one DCIS and two benign) were finally diagnosed as two DCIS and one benign after surgery. The accuracy of 14-G semi-automated CNB was 90.9% (30/33) because of two DCIS underestimates and one false-negative diagnosis. The discordance rate was significantly higher in the failed retrieval group than in the successful retrieval group (66.7% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.05). Punctate calcifications were significantly more common in the failed retrieval group than in the successful retrieval group (66.7% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: US-guided 14-G semi-automated CNB could be a useful procedure for suspicious microcalcifications in the breast those are apparent on sonography.

Pleomorphic MPNST of Breast.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are a rare type of soft tissue sarcomas accounting for 5-10% of all sarcoma cases.They are a tumor of adult age group occuring in patients 20-50 years of age.Though these tumors due to their schwann cell origin may occur anywhere near a nerve trunk, breast is a rare site of its occurence.They are rare breast tumors which in association with type 1 neurofibromatosis syndrome .We report a case of pleomorphic MPNST occuring in a 32 years old female patient without any evidence of Neurofibromatosis 1 syndrome.

Evaluación de síntomas y/o signos de patología mamaria por ecografía en mujeres menores de 30 años / Evaluation of symptoms and/or signs of breast disease by ultrasound in women under of 30 years

Objetivos: Establecer cuáles son las características ecográficas de las lesiones mamarias evaluadas mediante la ecografía mamaria en las mujeres menores de 30 años con signos o síntomas focales de mama. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal. Se revisaron 70 historias clínicas de pacientes con pacientes menores de 30 años con signos o síntomas de lesión de mama en el periodo Enero del 2011 a Diciembre del 2012. Resultados: La media de la edad de las pacientes con síntomas y/o signos de patología mamaria por ecografía fue de 22+/-5 años, con una mínima de 12 años y una máxima de 30 años. El 18.6 por ciento de las pacientes usaban anticoncepción oral. El 4.3 por ciento tuvo antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama. El 12.9 por ciento eran mamas lactantes. El 67.1 por ciento presentaban dolor. El 7.1 por ciento presentaron secreción en pezón. El 74.3 por ciento presentaron tumoración. El 4.3 por ciento presentaron engrosamiento de piel. Conclusiones: El hallazgo ecográfico de mayor frecuencia fue la lesión fibroquística. Entre las características ecográficas tenemos mayor frecuencia de forma de masa oval, paralela a la piel, circunscrita, con interfase brusca, isoecoica. La categoría BIRADS de mayor frecuencia fue la categoría III. La ecografía es útil como prueba de Imagen en las mujeres menores de 30 años, para la detección de cáncer cuando se acompañe de un análisis. Existe correlación clínico-radiológica estadísticamente significativa en relación a la sintomatología presentada en la población de estudio y los hallazgos ecográficos encontrados en las ecografías mamarias (P<0.05).

Ultrasonic evaluation of milk duct dilatation in mastalgia in Erbil, Iraq

This cross-sectional study involved 170 women with the mean age of 31 years presenting with breast pain who were referred to the Radiology Department of the Maternity and Rizgari Teaching Hospitals from October 2008 to September 2009. The breasts of each woman were examined by ultrasound scan with special attention was focused on the milk ducts. The presence and the width of the ducts were documented. Each woman was asked for pain intensity and breast pain intensity evaluated as mild, moderate and severe. The mean +/- SD diameter of duct was 3.99 +/- 1.37 mm. The mean diameter of the duct was higher among the younger age group of <25 years than older age groups [4.28 vs 3.95 and 3.87], among married than singles [3.99 vs 3.90] and among those having cyclic pain compared to those having non-cyclic pain [4.0 vs 3.95]. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The mean diameter of the duct was significantly higher among those having bilateral pain than those having unilateral pain [4.47 for bilateral vs 4.02 for left side and 3.61 for right side] and among those having severe pain compared to those having moderate or mild pain [4.91 vs 3.40 and 3.28]. The study results show that duct ectasia is a major factor in determining the severity of mastalgia with no significance difference between cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia

Band-Like Interposing Fat along Large Vessels: Ultrasonographic Pseudolesions of the Breast

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of band-like interposing fat as well as to identify additional approaches for its diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 26 confirmed cases of band-like interposing fat from June 2008 to June 2010. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings in these cases. Five radiologists analyzed the ultrasonographic findings, which correlated with the mammographic and MRI findings when available, according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. RESULTS: None of the 26 patients had any symptoms. In 92.3% of the patients, the lesion was located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. The mean distance of the lesion from the nipple was 2.4 +/- 0.7 cm (1.1-4.5). The mean depth of the lesion from the skin was 1.3 +/- 0.3 cm (0.8-2.1). The mean maximal length of the lesion was 0.8 +/- 0.4 cm (0.3-1.8). The following were the most frequent ultrasonographic findings of lesions: irregular shape, not parallel orientation, indistinct margins, abrupt interface, hypoechogenicity, no posterior feature, no calcification, and presence of vascularity. The most frequent BI-RADS category was 4a. There were no suspicious findings on the mammography or MRI. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic findings may lead to misclassification of band-like interposing fat as a malignancy. A better understanding of the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of band-like interposing fat would facilitate its differentiation from a true mass.